Internet

The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses a global protocol standard to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services via World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing.

Most traditional communication media, including telephony, radio, television, paper mail and newspapers are reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephony, Internet television, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites. Newspaper, book, and other print publishing are adapting to website technology, or are reshaped into blogging, web feeds and online news aggregators. The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking services. Online shopping has grown exponentially for major retailers, small businesses, and entrepreneurs, as it enables firms to extend their "brick and mortar" presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online.

The Internet has no single centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own policies. This was a key technology to move a Type 0 civilization towards Type I due to unprecedented, accelerated knowledge sharing.