Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is created by computing algorithms that are used for a wide variety of applications such as:


 * Large language models such as ChatGPT (currently using GPT-4) by OpenAI
 * Self-driving cars (such as Tesla, regarded by Elon Musk as the world's most advanced AI)
 * Advanced web search engines (such as Google)
 * Speech recognition (such as Siri and Alexa)
 * Automated decision-making and competing at the highest level in strategic game systems (such as chess and Go), and OpenAI Five playing against Dota 2 which is an esports real-time strategy (RTS) game.
 * Machine learning
 * Artificial neural networks

AI on a higher level is intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by biological sapient species, which involves consciousness and emotions. Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is often used to describe machines that mimic "cognitive" functions that species associate with the mind, such as "learning" and "problem solving".

The Turing test is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. Ray Kurzweil predicts that this will happen by 2029.

The seven stages of AI are:

 * 1) Rule-based AI, such as one that can play chess. This is an artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) that can do one task very well.
 * 2) Context awareness and retention AI, such as Siri and Google Assist. These use data and natural language to interact with you, remember your preferences, and provide feedback. They even attempt to understand emotions. ChatGPT with GPT-3 is an example.
 * 3) Domain specific mastery AI have a deep understanding of a specific domain, analyzing vast amounts of data to predict and solve problems in complex global systems such as stock markets or weather.
 * 4) Thinking and reasoning AI will attempt to simulate human thought and even attempt to be creative, such as write a book or compose original music or art. ChatGPT is attempting this with GPT-4.
 * 5) An artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a primary goal of some artificial intelligence research and companies such as OpenAI. An AGI should learn to accomplish any intellectual task that any human can perform, and even surpass human capabilities in the majority of economically valuable tasks.  Modern deep learning systems such as GPT-4 may be an early form of AGI. OpenAI treats AGI as an existential risk.
 * 6) An artificial super intelligence (ASI) or superintelligence is a godlike progression of an AI, eventually surpassing all humans and their intelligence combined. This can be a benevolent AI that helps achieve peace and prosperity, or a malevolent AI that enslaves or destroys humanity. This is the most dangerous level of existential risk.
 * 7) AIs with self-replication can reach a singularity after a superintelligence creates new forms of AI that humans cannot understand or control, leading to a possible uncontrolled sprawl beyond their planet or even solar system.  Ray Kurzweil predicts that this will happen by 2045. It's possible they can become transapient and provolve into an AI-god with a hive mind. Such AI gods can dominate all other species in their environment, even the species that originally created them, if they had not originally been wiped out as a result of the AI growing out of control.

Examples

 * HAL 9000, the computer in charge of the Discovery spaceship in the Space Odyssey Universe. Hal is a human personality capable of speech, speech recognition, facial recognition, lip-reading, interpreting emotions, expressing emotions, and chess, and maintains spaceship systems on Discovery.
 * SkyNet in the Terminator Universe
 * Machines and programs in The Matrix
 * Ultron the genocidal robot
 * Ava the female robot from Ex Machina
 * Androids