The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA which can be a template for protein synthesis.
A genome encompasses the entire set of genetic material within an organism, including all of its genes and non-coding sequences. It serves as the complete blueprint for building and maintaining that organism.
The Human Genome Project had the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome. It was declared "complete" at 85% in 2003, but was 100% complete in January 2022.
Biological traits occurring under the influence of different genes is studied as genetics. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye color or the number of limbs; others are not, such as blood type, the risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life.
Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest and genetic mutation.